-COMPARATIVE-

Is a syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison between two entities or groups of entities in quality or degree

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

The present continuous or present continuous is very easy to understand and use. It is formed the same as in Spanish and is used in practically the same situations. Let's see it with some examples and finally with an explanatory video.
For what do you use it?
To describe actions that are occurring at this moment, that is, at the moment in which it is being spoken. It can also be used to talk about the future, as we explain in this other article. For now, we are going to focus on the present.

How is it formed?
With the verb to be in the present simple (am, is, are) plus the main verb in gerund (ending in –ing). The rule of thumb is that 99% of the time we use it, we contract when we speak.

Affirmative

Sujeto + am | is | are + verbo acabado en -ing

Try really hard to learn the contracted form, as we put it in these examples:

I am learning English. I’m learning English.
You are learning German. You’re learning German.
She is learning Spanish. She’s learning Spanish.

Sujeto + am not | isn't | aren't + verbo acabado en -ing
Note that we can also contract the verb to be with the subject and simply add not after it, as you can see in the examples below. Both are valid, the important thing is that you contract it!

I am not learning English. I’m not learning English.
We are not learning German.
We aren't learning German. | We're not learning German.
He is not learning Spanish.
He isn't learning Spanish | He’s not learning Spanish.

Interrogative

Am | is | are + sujeto + verbo acabado en -ing

To ask questions, all you have to do is reverse the order of the subject and the verb to be. Ah! And here nothing to contract. To answer with short answers, you just have to put the verb to be in the affirmative or in the negative, after the subject. Take a look at the examples.

Am I am learning English? Yes, you are.
Are they learning German? No, they aren't.
Is it working? Yes, it is.

-PAST SIMPLE-
The past simple (past simple) refers to a specific action that began and ended in the past.

Afirmative:
We use the past simple [past simple], in the affirmative form, to confirm situations that occurred and ended or were repeated in the past. It is also used with some time expressions. The past simple is created by adding -ed to the end of the verb.

When we use the simple past affirmative we start with the subject followed by the verb in the past tense.

For example:
- «They worked on an important project yesterday.» = The phrase is in the past simple affirmative, so we add -ed to the end of the verb work (worked).

The simple past tense of regular verbs is formed differently depending on the ending of the verb used.

For example:
- Suffix -y: «I try.» ⇒ "I tried." = We change -y to i and add -ed.
- Suffix -e: «I dance.» ⇒ "I danced." = we add only -d.
- Suffix with stressed vowel + consonant (except -w and -y): «I plan.» ⇒ "I planned." = We double the consonant and add -ed.

Let's review the content of the {Form} section. Take a look at the {Example} section that shows its use in the context of a sentence.

Negative:
Auxiliary verbs exist to make our lives easier (they help us!). And in the case of the negative past simple, that's exactly what they do. To formulate the past simple in the negative, you simply have to put didn't in front of the infinitive form.

I didn’t go to the movies yesterday.
He didn’t go to school yesterday.
They didn’t go to work yesterday.

Didn’t is the contraction of did not. You won't find yourself did not very often, except in writing or when you want to emphasize something. Let's practice it!

The practice

Remember: put didn’t in front of the main verbs. First we will see I didn’t: / aidídnt /.

No viví en un piso el mes pasado.
I didn’t live in a flat last month.
No le mandé un email (a ella) ayer.
I didn’t send an e-mail to her yesterday.
No caminé a casa anoche.
I didn’t walk home last night.

This structure is the easiest you have ever seen? Now let's practice the pronunciation of we didn’t: / uídidnt /.

No teníamos mucho dinero cuando yo era niño.
We didn’t have much money when I was a child.
No esperábamos que Alemania invadiera Polonia.
We didn’t expect Germany to invade Poland.
No exportábamos coches hace cien años.
We didn’t export cars one hundred years ago.

You're not saying did not, are you? Remember to contract didn’t when you read the following sentences:

Él no me escuchó en la última reunión.
He didn’t listen to me at the last meeting.
No trabajaron en el ministerio el año pasado.
They didn’t work in the ministry last year.
¡No os reísteis de mi chiste!
You didn’t laugh at my joke!

Extra
Pronunciation key

Pronounce didn’t with your teeth together and your tongue just behind it, hardly moving it. It must sound like this: / dídnt /, as if it were a single syllable. We don't want to hear long vowels, nor do we want to see the tongue between the teeth.

Common mistake

Not using the auxiliary verb is a fairly common mistake. Many students say I not wanted… It is much easier than that! Remember didn’t and put it where it has to go: I didn’t want…

Key tip

Practice the past simple by saying things that happened alongside others that did not: in your childhood, this morning, in recent history, and last week. For example I studied English, but I did not study Italian, I worked in the ministry, but I did not work in the circus, etc.

Interrogative:
The past simple is used to ask questions about events that have occurred in the past.

Did you water the plants?
Have you watered the plants?

The past simple is formed in:

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"
Negative

Forma larga Did + sujeto + not + infinitivo
Forma corta Didn't + sujeto + infinitivo

Afirmativo Negativo
Did I go...? Did I not go...? Didn't I go...?
Did you work...? Did you not work...? Didn't you work...?
Did he/she/it go...? Did he/she/it not go...? Didn't he/she/it go...?
Did we work...? Did we not work...? Didn't we work...?
Did you go...? Did you not go...? Didn't you go...?
Did they work...? Did they not work...? Didn't they work...?
The past simple in interrogative form has the same structure for regular and irregular verbs because we use did + infinitive.
Examples

Did I fail this exam? ¿Suspendí este examen?
Did he not know it? ¿No lo sabía?
Why did you wait so long? ¿Por qué esperasteis tanto?
Didn't they tell you? ¿No te lo contaron?
When did you break your finger? ¿Cuándo te rompiste el dedo?
Did she watch the film yesterday? ¿Vió la película ayer?
Didn't she kiss her boyfriend? ¿No besó a su novio?

HERE IS A LINK WHERE YOU CAN DO SOME EXERCISES IN THE LAST PART ON HOW TO FORMULAR INTERROGATIVES:

FORMULARIO

PROYECTO INTERDICIPLINARIO 2P-1Q

-COMPARATIVE-

Is a syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison between two entities or groups of entities in quality or degree

The present continuous or present continuous is very easy to understand and use. It is formed the same as in Spanish and is used in practically the same situations. Let's see it with some examples and finally with an explanatory video.

Sujeto + am | is | are + verbo acabado en -ing

Try really hard to learn the contracted form, as we put it in these examples:

I am learning English. I’m learning English.
You are learning German. You’re learning German.
She is learning Spanish. She’s learning Spanish.

Sujeto + am not | isn't | aren't + verbo acabado en -ing
Note that we can also contract the verb to be with the subject and simply add not after it, as you can see in the examples below. Both are valid, the important thing is that you contract it!

I am not learning English. I’m not learning English.
We are not learning German.
We aren't learning German. | We're not learning German.
He is not learning Spanish.
He isn't learning Spanish | He’s not learning Spanish.

Am | is | are + sujeto + verbo acabado en -ing

To ask questions, all you have to do is reverse the order of the subject and the verb to be. Ah! And here nothing to contract. To answer with short answers, you just have to put the verb to be in the affirmative or in the negative, after the subject. Take a look at the examples.

The practice

Remember: put didn’t in front of the main verbs. First we will see I didn’t: / aidídnt /.

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"
Negative

-COMPARATIVE-

Is a syntactic construction that serves to express a comparison between two entities or groups of entities in quality or degree

The present continuous or present continuous is very easy to understand and use. It is formed the same as in Spanish and is used in practically the same situations. Let's see it with some examples and finally with an explanatory video.

Sujeto + am | is | are + verbo acabado en -ing

Try really hard to learn the contracted form, as we put it in these examples:

I am learning English.I’m learning English.You are learning German.You’re learning German.She is learning Spanish.She’s learning Spanish.

Sujeto + am not | isn't | aren't + verbo acabado en -ing Note that we can also contract the verb to be with the subject and simply add not after it, as you can see in the examples below. Both are valid, the important thing is that you contract it!

I am not learning English.I’m not learning English.We are not learning German.We aren't learning German. | We're not learning German.He is not learning Spanish.He isn't learning Spanish | He’s not learning Spanish.

Am | is | are + sujeto + verbo acabado en -ing

To ask questions, all you have to do is reverse the order of the subject and the verb to be. Ah! And here nothing to contract. To answer with short answers, you just have to put the verb to be in the affirmative or in the negative, after the subject. Take a look at the examples.

The practice

Remember: put didn’t in front of the main verbs. First we will see I didn’t: / aidídnt /.

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"Negative

I am learning English. I’m learning English.
You are learning German. You’re learning German.
She is learning Spanish. She’s learning Spanish.

Sujeto + am not | isn't | aren't + verbo acabado en -ing
Note that we can also contract the verb to be with the subject and simply add not after it, as you can see in the examples below. Both are valid, the important thing is that you contract it!

I am not learning English. I’m not learning English.
We are not learning German.
We aren't learning German. | We're not learning German.
He is not learning Spanish.
He isn't learning Spanish | He’s not learning Spanish.

Did + sujeto + infinitivo sin "to"
Negative